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Safety operation skills related to coal mine tunneling workers-support safety operation skills
Release time:
2023-01-05
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Safety operation skills related to coal mine tunneling workers-support safety operation skills
Support safety operation skills
Support includes bolt support, shelf support, shotcrete and grouting support.
1.Operation skills of anchor support worker
(I) General Provisions
(1) Bolt support workers must master the roadway section, support form and support technology specified in the operation regulations
Parameters and quality standards, skilled use of operating tools, and can carry out inspection and maintenance.
(2) Before supporting and during supporting, it is necessary to "knock on the help and ask for the top" and remove dangerous rock hanging gangue in time.
(3) it is strictly prohibited to empty roof operation, temporary support to closely follow the working face, support form, specifications, quantity, useThe method must be specified in the operating procedures.
(4) It is strictly forbidden to use supporting materials that do not meet the requirements.
(5) The diameter, spacing, row spacing, depth and direction (angle of intersection with rock surface) of anchor bolt eyes must conformCooperative industry regulations.
(6) When installing the anchor rod, the tray and steel belt must be tightly attached to the rock surface, and the untouched part must be wedged and cushioned,It must not be loose.
(7) The bolt supporting roadway must be equipped with bolt detection tools. After the bolt is installed, each bolt shall be pre-Tightening force test, unqualified anchor rod should be tightened immediately; spot check on anchor rod anchoring force, unqualified anchor rodMust make up again.
(8) When the working face encounters faults and structures, special measures must be added to strengthen support.
(9) The anchor rod shall be installed along with the driving.
(10) The installation sequence of anchor rod should be carried out from the top to both sides. The upper part of the two anchor rods should be installed first and then the lower part should be installed.Department. When laying and connecting the metal mesh, the laying sequence, overlapping and connecting length shall conform to the provisions of the operation regulations,The net should be tensioned when laying the net.
(11) The anchor rod must be tested in tension as required.
(12) Large cross-section roadway or large inclination angle up and down the mountain for support construction, there should be a workbench.
Preparation for (II) Operation
(1) Prepare anchor rod, net, steel belt and other supporting materials and construction equipment.
(2) Check the wind, water and electricity required for construction.
(3) Check whether the supporting materials such as anchor rod and anchoring agent are qualified.
(4) Check the temporary support.
(5) According to the middle and waist line, check the specifications and quality of the roadway section, and deal with the unqualified part.
(III) sequence of operations
(1) "Knock on the gang and ask for the top" to deal with dangerous rock hanging gangue.
(2) Temporary support.
(3) Bolt eyes.
(4) Install anchor rod, net and steel belt.
(5) Check and rectify the support quality and clean up the construction site.
(IV) normal operation
(1) "Knock on the gang and ask for the top" to deal with dangerous rock hanging gangue.
(2) Timely carry out temporary support according to the operation regulations;
(3) Bolt hole: ① Knock on the top and check the surrounding rock and temporary support of the working face; ② Determine the eye position,Make marks; ③ Make eye depth marks on the drill rod; ④ Use coal electric drill, air drill or anchor drill to drill holes;⑤ The anchor bolt eye shall be punched from the outside to the inside, and the anchor bolt of the same row shall be punched with the top eye first and then with the help eye.
(4) Installation of anchor rod (net and steel belt): ① Clean the coal and rock powder in the anchor rod eye; ② Check the drilling quality,Unqualified boreholes must be treated or re-drilled; ③ Install the anchor rod in time according to the normal operation procedures of the anchor rod used,Gently send the anchor drug roll into the fundus, use the anchor rod to hold the drug roll, stir, and the stirring time shall comply with the regulations.Stop the rotation of the anchor rod; after the anchoring agent solidifies, put on the tray and tighten the nut.
(V) Final Work
After the support is completed, check the pre-tightening force of all anchor rods, and tighten the unqualified ones in time.
Operating Regulations for 2. Shelf Support Worker
Main risk factors of (I)
(1) Support quality is unqualified.
(2) Empty roof operation.
(3) Poor coordination and improper operation of shelf and material transportation operation.
(4) Single pillar shed beams and pillars are not reliably bound as required, and pillars are relieved of pressure.
(5) No reliable operation platform (ladder) is set up for high-altitude operation, and no safety belt is used.
(6) Underdrilling and initial support force of prop is insufficient.
(7) No special support measures shall be taken in case of fault and other fracture zones.
(8) There are personnel passing through the shed during operation, or there are people working nearby, which affects the safe operation.
(II) scope of application
This regulation is applicable to the personnel engaged in the shed support operation in the tunneling face.
(III) induction conditions
(1) Before taking up their posts, they must undergo professional safety training and take up their posts with certificates after passing the examination.
(2) The shed support worker must master the support form, support technical parameters, quality standards, and master the shed support.operation methods and safety precautions.
(IV) safety regulations
(1) The hazard source identification of this post must be carried out before operation, and "finger dictation" must be strictly implemented during operation ".
(2) The following supporting materials shall not be used in construction: ① The specifications and models of supporting materials do not conform to the operation regulationsFixed; ② decayed, split, broken and excessively bent pit wood; ③ exposed, broken and defective concrete shed;④ seriously corroded or deformed metal bracket.
(3) During construction, temporary support of front probe beam or other temporary support must be adopted in accordance with the operation regulations.Form, material, structural form, quality, maximum and minimum top control distance must comply with the operating procedures, strictNo empty roof operation.
(4) In case of roof breakage and falling, temporary pillars or pallets shall be laid in time. Temporary pillars must beThe mountain is powerful and hits the solid. Wooden shoes shall be worn on the legs of the pillar when the pillar is hit on the gangue pile.
(5) During the support process, the cables, air ducts, air pipes, water pipes and mechanical and electrical equipment at the work site must be addedTo be properly protected and not damaged.
(6) It is forbidden to erect shed legs on floating coal and floating gangue.
(7) A firm tie rod or bracing wood must be installed between the supports of the shed roadway. The working face shall be laid within 10m.or take other measures to prevent the collapse of the support by blasting. Before blasting, the blasting site shall be reinforced within 10m.Inside the shed beam.
(8) After blasting and during construction, the roadway support within the scope of work should be checked frequently.Stents that are broken and collapsed must be repaired or replaced immediately. Before repairing the bracket, the dangerous stone should be found first,Live gangue, do a good job of temporary support; Repair, replacement of roadway support, should strictly abide by the outside to the inside, first support afterThe principle of returning, shed by shed.
(9) In the inclined roadway shed, there must be a certain angle of the mountain, the support must be strong to the mountain, it is strictly prohibited to supportShelf back mountain. When erecting downhill sheds, there must be reliable measures to prevent the sheds from tilting downward. More than 25 °.In addition to the center column and baffle, handrails, ladders or steps should be set up to nail the tie rod and center column.
(10) When erecting the shed, hands shall not touch the interface to avoid squeezing injury. The legs of the erected shed should be held by a special person.
(11) The quality of the project must adhere to the shift inspection and random inspection system, and fill in the "hidden project record" for hidden projects.single ".
(12) When erecting the shed in the roadway with high pressure, the shed should be constructed at one time, and the method of mending the shed is not allowed,In order to avoid uneven and uneven stress on the shed.
(13) roadway support height of more than 2.0m, or in the inclination angle is greater than 30 degrees uphills for support construction, should beScaffolding or erection of working platform.
(14) The following items shall be inspected after the shed is erected, and the unqualified items shall be dealt with: ① Beam and column leg connectionWhether the concrete support is placed with wooden plate as required;Whether the distance from the two ends of the shed leg to the center line is qualified;Whether the support and roof are tightly backed and firmly backed according to regulations; ⑥ The back top material of the back side shall be close to the surrounding rock and shall not be loose or empty.Help Empty Top. The back plate of the top and two sides should be parallel to the middle line or waist line of the roadway, and the quantity and position should be in accordance with the operation.Regulations: The two shoulders at the beam leg interface must be wedged tightly, and the two ends of the back plate must exceed the center of the beam (column).
(15) When the bottom plate is soft rock (coal), measures shall be taken to prevent the column leg from drilling the bottom. Add cushion block under column legWhen, the specifications and materials must meet the requirements of the operation regulations.
(16) When the manual beam is used, the shed beam must be supported by hand, and the beam must be lifted and placed steadily. Do not put your hand into the column beam interface.When the mechanical upper beam is used, the shed beam should be placed stably on the machine and the operator should not stand on the upper beam device.The work below.
(17) When erecting trapezoidal metal sheds, the following provisions shall be observed: ① It is strictly forbidden to mix different specifications and modelsMetal support, shed legs without steel plate base shall not be used; ② in strict accordance with the middle, waist line construction, to achieve high and lowThe two sides are in good order; ③ The column legs shall be tightly against the block on the beam, and the flat steel welded on the beam or the miners shall not be smashed.Steel block; ④ When the joints of beam and leg do not coincide, the inclination and direction of the beam and leg shall be adjusted, and it is strictly prohibited at the jointdrive into the wooden wedge; ⑤ according to the provisions of the back side of the back side, and use the wooden wedge to brake, between the front and rear sheds must be tightened hook and hitUpper support wood; ⑥ Fix the front probe beam and anti-fall device.
(18) When processing trapezoidal wooden shed underground, the following regulations shall be observed: ① When using materials for column legs, the materials shall beThe thick end is on the top, and only the thin end of the super-long pit wood is allowed to be cut off; ② According to the interface mode and specifications specified in the operation proceduresQuantity, draw a good opening line, the depth of the column opening and beam opening shall not be greater than 1/4 of the material diameter; ③ When bending material is used, it mustThe arched back of the guaranteed material faces the roof of the roadway.
(19) Precautions when sawing and cutting shed materials: ① When sawing and cutting shed materials, the wood should be placed smoothly and not allowed to be distributed.When cutting materials, pay attention to the safety of nearby personnel and pedestrians, and the axe and axe handle should not touch the obstacle.On the object; ③ The person cutting the material shall not extend his feet to the vicinity of the cutting place; ④ Remove the sawdust adhered to the axe in time,Pay attention to the knots and nails on the wood to avoid cutting and sliding to hurt people. ⑤ The location of sawing and cutting materials should be kept away from wind and water.Piping and cables.
(20) When erecting concrete sheds, the following regulations must be observed: ① At the joint of concrete supports, it shall be paddedAnti-corrosion treatment of wooden boards or plastic materials; ② When the bracket is located, it is not allowed to hit the bracket directly with a sledgehammer; it must beWhen knocking, plastic materials such as wood blocks should be padded to protect the bracket from damage. ③ Concrete support lane 1Generally, prefabricated cement board should be used for back top and back side. Beam and column are not allowed to directly contact with top and side. ④ In coal seam and soft rockIn the roadway, when the concrete support closely follows the working face, it is necessary to take reinforcement measures to prevent explosion and collapse to ensure that it does notCollapse and collapse of concrete support.
(21) The erection of arched shed shall comply with the following regulations: ① After the two ends of the arch beam are overlapped with the column legs, they can be installedOne karan shall be placed on each side, then the back shall be tightened and the top shall be held, and then the support quality shall be checked with the middle and waist lines, which shall be qualified.After that, the karan can be put on, and the tightening torque of karan shall not be less than 150N/m;② The U-shaped steel lap joint is strictly prohibitedFor single karan, the lap length and karan center distance shall conform to the provisions of the operation regulations, and the error shall not exceed 10mm.
(22) when the roof broken, roadway pressure, over the old lane and other special circumstances, should take to reduce the shed distanceand top control measures.
(23) Special measures shall be formulated and strictly implemented to expose the old air, roadway penetration and treatment of roof fall.
Preparation for (V) Operation
1. Safety inspection of operation environment
(1) Check the permanent support, temporary support and various safety facilities of the roadway from the outside to the inside in turn,If it is found that it does not meet the requirements, it must be dealt.
(2) Strictly implement the system of "knocking on the help and asking for the top", and use long-handled tools to find the top help in time during the operation.Dangerous rock, living stone.
(3) Check whether the concentration of harmful gas exceeds the regulations.
(4) When going up and down the mountain shed, the vehicle must be stopped first. No one is allowed to walk below the shed site.Or stay, set up a gangue blocking clip below the mountain shed site.
(5) before construction, to cover the wind, water, electricity and other pipeline facilities; Construction equipment to be placed in the specified placePoint.
2. Inspection of tools, equipment and materials
(1) Before construction, the supporting materials and construction tools, as well as the front probe beam andDeal with emergency materials for roof fall.
(2) Check whether the supporting materials are qualified and the construction tools are in good condition. It is strictly prohibited to mix different specifications,For different types of metal supports, the middle welded shed head shall not be used, and there must be error-proof between the shed head and the shed leg.device.
(3) Before supporting, the specification quality of the gross section of the roadway should be checked according to the middle waist line, and the unqualified parts should be treated.
(VI) sequence of operations
Shelf support shall be operated in the following order:
(1) Prepare tools and supporting materials.
(2) Eliminate hidden dangers and check the quality of the gross section.
(3) Move the front probe beam, roof beam and roof connection.
(4) Extend the mid-waistline to the shed position.
(5) Dig column nest.
(6) Standing shed legs.
(7) Back top back help.
(8) Make good support wood, pull rod, shed coupling and other stabilizing devices.157
(9) Check the quality of the shelf and clean up the site.
(VII) normal operation
1. Erection of trapezoidal shed
(1) Safety inspection to eliminate potential safety hazards: ① Before blasting, reinforce the support within 10m of the working face;② After blasting, check and repair from outside to inside shed one by one;
2. Temporary support (upper front probe beam)
(1) Place the front probe beam clip in proper position according to the requirements of operation regulations, and tighten the screw.
(2) The front probe beam shall be installed at a suitable position according to the requirements of the operation regulations, and the front probe beam clip and permanent supportThe protective shed is tightly braked and integrated.
3. Upper shed beam
(1) Place the shed beam on the front probe beam manually, lay the net on the newly erected shed beam, and lay the net on the net according to the design requirements.Lower layout of backplane.
(2) Adjust the shed distance, add wooden backing plate (opposite wedge) between the new shed beam and the front probe beam, and use supporting woodSupport between the new shed beam and the permanent shed beam, check and adjust the center line, waist line, torque and shed beam level of the new shed beametc. to ensure that the quality standards are met.
(3) Connect the new shed beam and the permanent shed beam together with the pull hook (pull rod, stay rod and shed puller).
(4) When connecting the roof, use the back plate, road wood, wooden wedge, etc. to temporarily connect the shed beam and the roof tightly, so as to connectTop strong.
(5) when digging the column nest, after the clean coal (gangue) is found, the live gangue and dangerous rock of the clean side are found, and the position of the column nest is measured (firstTake the distance of the shed, determine the position of the column nest according to the center line and the lower width), dig the column nest, and determine its depth according to the waist line. Column nest will beIt is necessary to dig to the solid bottom, and when the column nest is too deep, pad shall be added. When digging the column nest, special personnel shall be assigned to monitor the safety condition of the jacking help.
(6) Manually plant the shed legs into the column nest, and assign special personnel to support the legs; Remove the backing plate (wood between the front probe beam and the new frame shed beamWedge), so that the shed beam pressure on the shed leg; When the shed head and the shed leg are closed, first close one end and then close the other end. To passAdjust the yingshan, corner or center line of the shed leg to meet the requirements of the regulations and make the shed leg and shed beam tight. combined158 After the opening, the bracket is adjusted, the shoulder pressure is initially fixed, and then the support wood is put on.
(7) According to the design regulations, back the shed legs and the coal (rock) wall with the back plate (wood).
(8) Check the erection quality of the bracket, and after meeting the quality standard, use the wooden wedge brake to set the top, according to the design.The position shall be well set with such stabilizing devices as bracing wood, pull rod and shed coupling device.
4. Erection of retractable support
(1) Temporary support: after the safety inspection and "knocking on the top" are thorough, temporary point columns orUse the front probe beam to protect the roof.
(2) Upper shed beam: the shed beam shall be combined with the front probe beam first, and the roof shall be carried back, and the lap joint of multi-section beam shall be stuck with clips.Tight.
(3) Check the middle waist line, determine the position of the leg nest, dig the leg nest, plant the leg and pull the upper rod; Check according to the middle waist lineQuality, adjust the quality of shed legs and shed beams; If it is not installed, lap joint shall be carried out on site according to the design lap length; safetyUpper the karan, tighten the nut, erect into the leg socket, straighten it, and temporarily fix it.
(4) After comprehensively checking the erection quality of the bracket, properly adjusting the lap length and meeting the requirements of the quality standard,Use a special wrench to tighten the nuts one by one and reach the torque value specified in the design.
(5) When the back side is on the top of the back side, lay and connect the net according to the requirements of the operation regulations. Arch retractable support is symmetrical on both sidesWear the back to the vault, wedge tight and firm; If there is a pressure clearance for the trapezoidal retractable bracket, a clearance shall be set aside according to the design.
(VIII) Final Work
(1) acceptance of roadway engineering quality, clean up the site, inventory and tidy up tools.
(2) according to the provisions of the succession, to the successor after work to explain clearly the problems existing in the construction on duty and matters needing attentionItem, carefully fill in the succession record.
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