Drilling is the use of mechanical equipment, in the formation of a certain attempt to drill holes in the project. According to the way of rock crushing and the type of drilling tools, it can be divided into drilling technology and rotary drilling technology.
In geological exploration and geological engineering, it is beneficial for drilling equipment to drill underground. For cylindrical round holes with small diameter and large depth, it is called drilling. According to the drilling purpose, design different drilling straight and drilling depth. For example, drilling oil, natural gas and groundwater drilling diameter is larger. For geophysical logging core extraction and other general drilling is small.
The main functions of drilling are:
1. Obtain underground physical data, and obtain core, rock cuttings, oil, water, natural gas, etc. from the bottom of the well.
2, as a geophysical logging channel, to obtain the data of various geophysical fields of rock, such as for underground munitions test.
3, as an artificial channel, observation of mineral, hydrological and geological structures in the formation.
4, comprehensive application, exploration and collection of the whole, the development of underground resources use.
According to the use, drilling is generally divided into geological survey drilling, geological exploration drilling, water wells, engineering geological drilling, geothermal drilling, oil drilling and so on.
Drill, also known as impact drill, generally use wire rope to send the drill bit to the bottom of the well, and the beam mechanism is driven by power to make the beam move up and down, and drive the wire rope and the drill bit to produce up and down impact, thus breaking the rock. The drilling equipment is simple, low cost, and does not pollute the oil layer, but it has slow drilling speed, low efficiency, shallow drilling, and cannot meet the requirements of complex formations and deep wells, and is gradually replaced by rotary drilling.
Rotary drill is conducive to the cutting or grinding action produced when the drill bit rotates to break the rock. It is currently the most common drilling technology. It is faster than the drilling speed, and easy to deal with well collapse, blowout and other complex situations.
According to the power transmission mode, rotary drilling can be divided into two types: national rotary table drilling and downhole power drilling.
Rotary table drilling is a device rotary table on the drilling platform. There is a square hole in the center of the rotary table. The square drill rod at the upper end of the drill string passes through the square hole and is connected with the drill rod and the drill bit. When the rotary table is driven by power, the drill string rod and the drill bit are driven to rotate together, thus breaking rocks and digging holes. This technology has an obvious disadvantage, that is, the drill rod and the drill bit rotate together. The deeper the drill, the more drill rods are used, the greater the weight driven by the turntable, the wear of the drill rod is doubled, and the energy consumption is also Will gradually increase until the power machine is overloaded.
Downhole power drilling is conducive to the downhole power drilling tool, driving the drill bit to break the rock, the drill pipe does not rotate when the drill bit is drilling, reducing the wear of the drill pipe, increasing the life of the drill pipe, reducing energy consumption, suitable for drilling deeper drilling. However, this technology is relatively complex, drilling equipment according to the function is divided into rotating system, lifting system, mud circulation system, equipment manufacturing and application of technical difficulties are high, not suitable for small drilling enterprises to use.
