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Fracturing pump technology
Release time:
2021-09-27
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With the continuous strengthening of sand fracturing and acidizing fracturing technology and the increasing depth of oil and gas wells in China, fracturing pumps are developing in the direction of large displacement, high pressure and high power. With the development of oil and gas exploration technology, the distribution of oil and gas wells is becoming more and more extensive, and the requirements for the migration of fracturing equipment will be higher. Therefore, the working condition of the fracturing pump is even worse, in order to further improve the service life of the fracturing pump and carry out structural improvement and overall research on it is of great significance. 1. Domestic fracturing pump technology research status due to China's economy relative to those western developed countries still have a certain gap, generally still in imitation and
With the continuous strengthening of sand fracturing and acidizing fracturing technology and the increasing depth of oil and gas wells in China, fracturing pumps are developing in the direction of large displacement, high pressure and high power. With the development of oil and gas exploration technology, the distribution of oil and gas wells is becoming more and more extensive, and the requirements for the migration of fracturing equipment will be higher. Therefore, the working condition of the fracturing pump is even worse, in order to further improve the service life of the fracturing pump and carry out structural improvement and overall research on it is of great significance.
Research status of domestic fracturing pump technology in 1.
Because China's economy relative to those western developed countries there is a certain gap, generally still in imitation and in the foreign similar products based on the improvement of the stage and level. Similarly, the fracturing process equipment applied to oil and gas exploration is not the same as them. No matter in design or manufacturing, it is incomparable with those countries with advanced fracturing technology. The key problems of this gap are:(1) Judging from the current situation, the fracturing equipment technology developed and used by our country with its own strength is not mature enough, and the functions of fracturing equipment are not complete enough;(2) Most of the fracturing pumps used in many oil and gas field production lines in China are of the type with small displacement and slow pressure rise;(3) The development level of fracturing technology in China is not so in place, which is far from the fracturing technology leading the world trend;(4) Most of the fracturing equipment in use cannot withstand its harsh working environment and heavy work task requirements for a long time, and long-term wear, the service life is very short, and most of them are expensive equipment. A large number of equipment damage in a short period of time increases the cost and reduces the production efficiency. (5) Although there are some enterprises that produce fracturing process equipment in China, the products produced have not yet formed standardization and can not meet the requirements of interaction.
In recent years, China's economic development strategy is the western development strategy. Similarly, the petroleum industry has also been specialized in the western region with the development of the western development. Due to the gradual decrease of oil and gas reserves in China, and with the large-scale use of domestic vehicles, the use of oil and gas is increasing year by year, these are urgent needs of our country must speed up the input of special media fracturing equipment, desert fracturing equipment, shallow beach fracturing equipment, deep well fracturing equipment development speed. Therefore, China must invest a lot of manpower and material resources to design and produce high-power, large displacement, long life fracturing equipment to adapt to economic development. Because the pressure pump is one of the most important equipment in the fracturing process, its working environment is generally very harsh, and its work requirements are very high, such as high power, and its production and research process is very complicated, and the required technology is very high. In addition, the development technology of fracturing process equipment in our country is not yet mature. Therefore, the number of manufacturers producing fracturing equipment in our country is relatively small, it is mainly concentrated in three factories: Lanzhou General Machinery Factory, Jianghan No.4 Petroleum Machinery Factory and Chengdu Bifa Special Vehicle Factory. Compared with foreign countries, our country also has many shortcomings in the design and processing of parts and lacks competitiveness. Compared with the industrial developed countries, China's three-dimensional CAD technology in the depth and breadth of the application of the gap is also very large. The application of CAD technology in our country is still basically stuck in computer-aided design, and it is generally based on design drawings. Moreover, the production process of fracturing equipment in China still uses drilling. Expansion. Hinge of the traditional processing methods for the pump head large diameter deep hole processing, pump head processing special process equipment such as tools, fixtures and machine tools, such as the design of the amount is very small.
2. domestic development prospects
Our country's fracking equipment market is currently at its peak and has a lasting market driver. In 2002, China's Daqing Oilfield in the country's first batch of fracturing equipment to increase oil and gas production, and thus Daqing Oilfield increased production as high as 40%.60%. The development of unconventional gas such as shale gas, natural gas and the increase of traditional oil fields will become one of the most important measures and driving forces to increase oil and gas production in China in the next few years.
There is a big gap between the design and manufacture of special plunger pumps used in large quantities in oil and gas fields such as fracturing and acidizing in China and the design level and manufacture quantity and quality of foreign plunger pumps. There are many reasons for this gap. To sum up, the most important one is that the history of oil and gas field development in China is too short, and the research and manufacture of special plunger pumps used in oil and gas fields such as fracturing pumps began late, in order to move closer to the world's advanced fracturing technology, our main development directions are as follows: strive to achieve product serialization, standardization and generalization; the research and manufacture of basic components of fracturing process equipment should be more comprehensive; the function and form of fracturing equipment should be diversified; and the variety of fracturing equipment should be diversified. With the increasing role of the oil industry in national production, China's fracturing pump technology research and fracturing pump equipment manufacturing is also developing at a rapid rate, and the gap with the world's advanced fracturing technology will become smaller and smaller.
Working principle of 3. fracturing pump
The important work of the fracturing pump is to transport the fracturing fluid to the bottom of the well under high pressure, causing the rock at the bottom of the well to crack and change it into a lot of cracks the following year. This method is used to improve the permeability of oil and gas and increase the rapid flow of oil and gas below the formation, thus increasing the production of oil and gas. Fracturing fluid includes acidizing fluid and sand mixing fluid. Acidizing fluid is a certain concentration of acid that corrodes the formation during fracturing, such as hydrochloric acid, which can expand cracks and promote the formation of holes. The mixed sand liquid is generally a mixed liquid in which a certain proportion of proppant is added to the clear water, viscous liquid or the original liquid. In the process of fracturing, the proppant such as sand particles in the mixed sand fluid can play a good supporting role, and can also expand the formation fractures.
In a word, fracturing is to use fracturing liquid to conduct pressure, and transmit the pressure of high-pressure equipment to the rock formation. High pressure causes several cracks in the rock formation, which increases the transportation channel of oil and gas under the rock formation and improves the transportation speed. Thus, the oil production rate is improved.
In the fracturing process of the fracturing pump, the pressure of the fracturing fluid conducted to the formation comes from the high-pressure fracturing pump located above the ground. The kinetic energy of the power end of the fracturing pump is converted into the liquid energy of the fracturing fluid through the hydraulic end, so that the fracturing fluid is injected into the formation below a certain speed. With the continuous injection of fracturing fluid, the pressure below the formation gradually increases. When the injection rate of fracturing fluid is greater than the absorption capacity of the formation to the liquid, a gradually increasing pressure will be formed in the formation. When the pressure reaches a certain level, the rock layer will be broken, causing cracks or cracks, thus increasing the permeability and flow rate of the formation liquid. At the same time, the flow rate of oil and gas in the formation will also increase, thus significantly increasing the oil and gas production and greatly improving the production efficiency.
After the pump is stopped, in order to prevent the fracture from reclosing under the gravity of the upper rock, it is necessary to add some proppant such as quartz sand to the fracturing fluid injected into the formation, and fill the proppant in the compressed fracture, which can play the role of supporting the fracture surface. Compared with the natural formation rock, the structure of this sand-filled fracture is much more loose. Therefore, the flow rate and diffusion area of fluid in the formation near the bottom of the well can be greatly improved, and the oil and gas production can be doubled.
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Key words:
Technology, China, equipment, formation, oil and gas, pressure, speed, use, manufacturing
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