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Benefiting Mining Technology-Structure of DTH Impactor
Release time:
2019-06-22
Author:
Source:
Shandong Yikuang Science and Technology Drill Pipe, Spiral Drill Pipe, Geological Drill Pipe-Sales Hotline: 13508920928,0635-2311078
The down-the-hole impactor is an important component of the pneumatic water well drilling machine, which is mainly used to provide the drill bit with axial reciprocating rock crushing impact force to cool the drill bit and entrain rock debris. The structure of the down-the-hole impactor is shown in the following figure. It is mainly composed of piston, rear joint, outer casing, check valve, air regulating plug, cylinder, air seat, guide sleeve, butterfly spring, snap ring, spring, retaining ring, retaining ring, retaining ring, front joint, etc.
Piston
The piston of the down-the-hole impactor is the main moving part of the impactor, even the quasi-moving part. According to the structure, the down-the-hole impactor piston can be divided into three types: the same-diameter piston, the different-diameter piston and the series piston. From the perspective of the role of the piston in the gas distribution device and the load it bears during work, the piston should have high dimensional accuracy and surface finish, so that it has a good air tightness and is suitable for reciprocating motion at high speeds.(Its speed can reach10m/s)A reasonable geometric shape not only ensures that it has sufficient strength, but also transmits impact energy efficiently.
Distribution valve
There are a variety of valve type impactor valve. From the point of view of the coupling of the valve and the piston movement, the valve should be light and sensitive; from the point of view of the gas distribution, the valve should have good tightness and small local resistance loss; from the point of view of use and maintenance, the valve should have a higher life.
Valve plate is generally made of low alloy steel. In recent years at home and abroad with nylon and aluminum alloy manufacturing shows a light weight, impact resistance and long service life and other advantages.
Cylinder
The cylinder is not only the guide device of the piston movement, but also the frame of the whole impactor. From the air distribution point of view, the cylinder is also used to transport the working medium. To this end, in the actual structure can be divided into single-cylinder structure and double-cylinder structure.‘
The so-called single-cylinder structure means that there are only cylinder parts, and its outer diameter is the outline size and inner diameter of the impactor (that is, the diameter of the impactor piston); The double-cylinder structure is also called the inner and outer two-cylinder structure. The comparison of these two structures is as follows:
(1)Single cylinder station structure is simple, double cylinder structure is complex.
(2) The radial size of the piston contained in the single-cylinder structure is large, so the effective work is relatively large.
(3)The inner diameter and outer diameter of a single cylinder will be scrapped as long as one side is worn out and exceeds the limit, while the damaged parts of the double cylinder will be replaced. The connection mode between the two cylinders includes welding connection and threaded connection, the latter is suitable for replacement.
As far as the cylinder structure is concerned, the upper and lower joints of the single cylinder structure are adopted. The thread is connected with the cylinder body, which is the development trend of modern down-the-hole impactor.
Connection of drill bit and hanging device
The connection of the drill bit and the main function of the hanging device:Accommodate the tail of the bit and control the telescopic position of the bit. When the drilling machine rotates to impact the drilling, it transmits torque to drive the bit to rotate; when the tail of the bit is impacted by the piston, it can move axially within a certain range; when the down-the-hole impactor is lifted off the bottom of the hole and suspended, hang the tail of the bit to prevent the bit from slipping out of the impactor.
There are many forms of connection between the down-the-hole impactor and the drill bit. According to the way of transmitting the rotary torque, the tail of the drill bit is spline, round, triangular, hexagonal, etc.; according to the form of hanging the tail of the drill bit, there are snap rings, round pins, flat pins, balls, self-locking splines, etc.
Other Parts
Most impactors are connected with waterproof check valve, whose function is to separate the impactor from the drilling tool airway when the air supply stops, so that a part of the gas remains in the impactor to prevent rock powder and water from pouring into the impactor.
When the impactor works, it is generally accompanied by vibration, which will reduce the efficiency of the drilling tool and scrap the early damage of the parts. Some impactors are provided with a damping device. The commonly used damping device has damping rubber ring and so on, the damping effect is better.
Key words:
Drill pipe, geological drill pipe, spiral drill pipe, new coal drill pipe, geology, spiral
